🌏 Region(s): Kyushu (Kagoshima: Tanegashima, Kagoshima: Tokara)
がじゃぶ : gajabu | define meaning
gajabu
Pronunciation: [ɡad͡ʑabu]
Definition
Noun
- Small black fly; gnat
- Japanese blackfly (Simulium japonicum sp.)
Etymology
Cognate with Tanegashima and Tokara がじゃぶ gajabu "(small) black fly"; Kikai and Amami がじゃみ gajami; Kikai がじゃまー gajamaa; Amami (Koniya) がじゃム gajam; Tokunoshima がじゃん gajan; Yoron がじゃん gajan; Yoron (Mugiya) がーじゃん gaajan; Okinoerabu がじゃむ gajamu; Kunigami (Kin) がじゃむ gajamu; Kunigami (Oku) がだみ gadami; Kunigami (Benoki) がらむ garamu; Okinawan がじゃん gajan; Miyako (Irabu, Yonaha) がざム gazam; Miyako (Ikema) かじゃん kajan; Miyako (Irabu) かざム kazam; Tarama がじゃム gajam; Yaeyama (Hateruma) がんざん ganzan; Yaeyama (Taketomi) かじゃん kajan; Yaeyama (Hatoma) がざん gazan; and Yonaguni かだんく kadanku "mosquito".
Historical attestations:
- 沖縄語典 Okinawa goten (Okinawan language dictionary) (1896), by Masayo Nakamoto, records "「がぢやん」蚊(カ)".
- In On the manners and customs of the Loochoans (1893), Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, Volume 21, Basil Hall Chamberlain records "a 'mosquito' is gajang; a mosquito emphasised is gajanō'".
Reconstructions
- Zachary Read (2024) gives *[k~g]azjamu for proto-Ryukyuan and reconstructs a compound of *[k~g]azi- "biting" and *amu "horsefly" for pre-proto-Ryukyuan (with Kyushu having *abu for the second morpheme). Compare Japanese がじがじ gajigaji "biting" and かじる【齧る】 kajiru "to bite".
- Yosuke Igarashi (2016) reconstructs *kazamV for proto-Ryukyuan; while Igarashi (2017) reconstructs *kazja(-CV); and Igarashi (2018) gives *kazjamV (pattern C).
Discussion:
- Phonologically similar to standard Japanese がざみ【蝤蛑】 gazami "Asian blue crab" and its variants かざみ kazami, がさみ gasami and がざめ gazame. Reflexes in Ryukyuan include Okinawan がじゃみ gajami and Yaeyama (Hatoma) がさみ gasami. It's possible this word influenced a *u > *i vowel shift in some Northern Ryukyuan varieties.
- The topicalized form "gajanō" recorded by Chamberlain (1893) suggests a final *N rather than *M for Shuri Okinawan at the time.
Notes
All accounts from Tanegashima and Tokara describe this insect as a small black fly or gnat that is prolific during the rainy season and that bites, leading to intense swelling and itching.
Spelling
Orthography | Form |
---|---|
Kana | がじゃぶ |
Romanization | gajabu |
Pronunciation (IPA) | [ɡad͡ʑabu] |
意味:ぶゆ・ぶよ・ぶと【蚋・蟆子・蟆・蜹】、アシマダラブユ・あしまだらぶゆ【脚斑蚋】